A basic income grant for Namibia Essays

An essential salary award for Namibia Essays An essential salary award for Namibia Essay An essential salary award for Namibia Essay Presentation These days, numerous individuals engaged with the advancement talk concur that the defeating of poverty is the most significant factor of improvement and that the developing of a state s financial framework totally is non adequate to build the prosperity of the hapless much of the time it has even decline their situation ( Kingsbury et al. , 2008, pp.27-28, 152 ) . In any case, there is no accord on the most proficient method to go to this multidimensional activity and make perpetual adjustment. This exposition centers around the test of poverty, joblessness and pay disparity in Namibia the state with the most inconsistent dispersion of pay known to man. The biennial Basic Income Grant ( BIG ) pilot undertaking in the Otjivero-Omitara nation that has begun in January 2008 means to go to these occupations by redistributing cash from the rich to the hapless. It depends on the idea that everyone ought to genuinely have a month to month essential salary. The finish of the BIG pilot undertaking which is the primary cosmopolitan money move pilot undertaking known to mankind ( Haarmann et al. , 2009, p.13 ) is to convey the Namibian specialists to actualize a BIG in entire Namibia. Regardless of whether need is today as often as possible seen as cardinal factor which must be tended to by improvement assaults and most would hold that advancement implies bettering the existence states of society , there has been and there are various feelings of how this improvement should look like and how it very well may be accomplished ( Melkote and Steeves, 2001, p.34 ) . In grant and example, one can put three boss waterways of positions on advancement: modernization or the predominant worldview of improvement, basic positions, and discharge positions ( in the same place. ) . The distinctive verifiable in contemplations and builds of improvement of these positions are clarified in the undermentioned writing reappraisal of this article. In the position study, the improvement situation in Namibia and the BIG idea along with the related pilot undertaking are portrayed. The build of approval that rose in the scope of the basic assaults and discharge positions can be viewed as t he model of the BIG endeavor. The basic musings, the qualities thus toing destitution and perpetual advancement each piece great as the difficulties and troublesome judgment of the endeavor are talked about in the treatment parcel. Thinking the examination, activities for an effective execution of the BIG in entire Namibia are suggested. Writing Review The worldview of modernization that rose during the 1940s emphatically decided the hypothesis and example of improvement until the sixtiess ( Melkote A ; Steeves, 2001, pp.71-72 ; Mowlana A ; Wilson, 1990, p.13 ) . Speculations and builds that summarized the improvement of West European and North American states were accustomed to deliver hypothetical records of advancement for the Third World ( Melkote A ; Steeves, 2001, p.100 ) . Roger names four cardinal components of this alleged prevailing worldview: monetary developing by means of industrialization, capital-concentrated designing and related the quantitative experimental logical strategy, brought together arranging each piece great as the conviction that underdevelopment is brought about by occupations inside creating states ( 1976, p.49 ) . The worldview depends on neo-traditional monetary hypothesis yet next to on cultural transformative hypothesis Darwin s developmental build applied to cultural modification ( Melkote A ; Steeves, 2001, pp.74-75 ) . There were and are, for representation, an arrangement of bipolar speculations of modernization that depict perfect regular start and stop purposes of improvement. The states in the Third World were viewed as customary social orders while Western states were portrayed as present day and thus holding previously accomplished the most elevated period of improvement ( Greig, Hulme A ; Turner, 2007, p.80 ; Melkote A ; Steeves, 2001, pp.81, 100 ) . An exceptional delineation of a unilinear modernization hypothetical record that stresses transformative adjustment is Rostow s five-phase hypothetical record of financial developing ( Melkote A ; Steeves, 2001, p.84 ; Servaes, 1999, p. 21 ) . Modernization hypotheses that concentrated then again on developmental adjustment at the sma ll scale degree expressed that is essential for the modernization strategy that people change their qualities and perspectives to run into the highlights of individuals in the effectively modernized West ( Melkote A ; Steeves, 2001, pp.86-88 ) . The strategies and developments of improvement under the prevailing worldview reshaped the universe of individuals in the Third World ( Melkote A ; Steeves, 2001, p.92 ) . Melkote and Steeves note that an examination of modernisation talk from the earliest starting point uncovers the finish of supplanting non-Western ideological, social, and even semantic correspondence frameworks, with Western frameworks ( 2001, p.92 ; see other than Kingsbury et al. , 2008, p.52 ) . In add-on, Western states increased increasingly more authority over the individuals in the Third World through their institutional interventions ( Melkote A ; Steeves, 2001, p.93 ) . Since the 1960s the advancement develop inside the scope of the predominant worldview has been increasingly more tested ( Kingsbury et al. , 2008, p.51 ) . The audit alludes to a few perspectives and impacts of the worldview a large number of it challenges the point of convergence on a state s monetary developing ( Melkote A ; Steeves, 2001, pp.19, 158 ) . The varying adverse impacts of the predominant worldview show that estimates like the GDP of a state can non express a clump about the situation of the individuals. Despite the fact that many creating states experienced great financial developing until the sixtiess, the modernization hypothetical record lead to expanded paces of joblessness, need and disparity in political, cultural and monetary view each piece great as in regard to the appropriation of intensity ( Kingsbury et al. , 2008, p.27-28 ; Melkote A ; Steeves, 2001, pp.158-162 ) . The perception of the disappointment of the predominant worldview s stream down idea lead to the outgrowth of the essential needs assault in the mid 1970s ( Melkote A ; Steeves, 2001, p.166 ) . The motivation behind this assault is to douse a portion of the most exceedingly awful features of destitution by paying taking care of the personal satisfaction of people at the underside of the financial stepping stool then again of underscoring monetary indexs as inside the predominant worldview ( on the same page. , pp.158, 166 ) . There have been numerous endeavors to indicate fundamental requests ( Kingsbury et al. , 2008, p.32 ) . Paul Streeten ( 1979, p. 48, cited in Melkote A ; Steeves, 2001, p.167 ) recognized seven points of the fundamental needs assault that incorporate essential human requests and rights: supplement and soaking up H2O, cover, guidance, security of help, transport, commitment in dynamic each piece great as sense of pride and respect. After a decennary of disavowal of the highlight on fundamental requests, the taking care of this assault returned during the 1990s. In this clasp, a presents still extremely persuasive advance of the prosperity of individuals the Human Development Index ( HDI ) of the UNDP was presented ( Kingsbury et al. , 2008, pp.32-33 ) . Melkote and Steeves area that the essential needs assault has no chance to hold an existent result on improvement each piece long as the force lies with the promoters of the neo-traditional assault: Considerations of national and planetary security and financial sciences will ever outweigh everything else ( 2001, p.169 ) . Pundits have contended in addition that the existent motivation behind supporters of the essential requests assault was to keep up individuals sabotaged while just taking care of them better ( in the same place. , p.168 ) . These worries about planetary force insecurities are communicated, for delineation, by reliance hypothesis and world-fram eworks hypothesis ( in the same place. , p.158 ) . Melkote A ; Steeves sum up the new closures that elective assaults to advancement reference: value in dissemination of improvement benefits, commitment of all network individuals, independency of networks or states and incorporating of old and new musings ( 2001, p.199 ) . The third waterway of positions on advancement the discharge viewpoints varies from the others since the point of convergence is strict and non monetary ( Melkote A ; Steeves, 2001, pp.35 ) . Otherworldliness and confidence once in a while play a capacity in standard improvement grant or example and beliefs especially others than Christianity are rather observed as obstructions to advancement ( on the same page. , pp.273-274 ) . In any case, inside each significant confidence there can be discovered a kind of heavenly nature that underpins improvement as a strategy of discharge from shamefulness, bias, and oppression ( on the same page. , p.275, 293 ) . This discharge heavenliness, the head balance for discharge positions, territory that the motivations behind improvement in this assault approval and self-sufficiency can just be accomplished through close to home and common discharge from enslavement ( in the same place. , p.35 ) . The verifiable in premises are that all individuals seek after opportunity and independence and have the inner ability to create themselves on their ain footings yet inward and outside signifiers of enslavement confine their capacity to make so ( on the same page. , p.35, 294 ) . Vital to freedom godliness is that strict example and cultural activism along with and for loaded individuals have a place together ( in the same place. , p.294 ) . Albeit huge Western authoritiess and enterprises are viewed as a significant oppression beginnings, supporters of discharge positions are non naturally restrictions of modernization. On the other hand, the fundamental premiss is that people must be allowed to take ( Melkote A ; Steeves, 2001, p.35 ) . A base up hypothetical record that fuses premises of the discharge viewpoints is the participatory hypothetical record for improvement. The idea behind this assault is the commitment of individuals

Describe the Factors to Take Into Account When Planning Healthy and Safe Indoor and Out Door Environments and Services

Bolster Children And Young People’s Health And Safety 1. 1 The Factors To Take Into Account When Planning Healthy And Safe Indoor And Outdoor Environments And Services There are various variables that must be considered when getting ready for wellbeing and security. *The singular needs of the kid †These must be considered alongside the age and capacity so when getting ready for the youngsters ensure the assets utilized are age and stage fitting and they convey the security marks. There must be authority hardware for kids with explicit requirements Specific dangers †For a youngster who has a consultation impedance you would need to give visual guides to them or communication through signing so they know about the wellbeing and security for instance if the kid was running inside you could show them a visual guide of an image where it’s clarified that you walk not run. Putting pictures of hands being washed close to the toilets additionally trains them to wash th eir hands when they have been to the can. Ensure you are consistently inside sight of the youngster whist additionally permitting them to make the most of their condition. Parent and carers †You have to consider the necessities of guardians and carers so give them data on wellbeing and security or on the off chance that they can’t read, hold gatherings. For those where English isn't their first language give out data written in their home language. *Function and motivation behind the earth †When arranging an action ensure it’s the correct condition for the action. On the off chance that you were utilizing bicycles and bikes you would guarantee they were utilized in the effectively and with a lot of room so in my setting we would not utilize them inside as there isn't sufficient space, they would just be utilized outside. When utilizing the condition its significant the youngsters have the space that is required for the arranged action. When utilizing outside situations ensure the plants and nursery furniture don't represent a danger. Additionally ensure there is no pooch or feline wreckage in the nursery and that garbage is expelled consistently. A changed domain underpins youngsters learning and improvement, it gives them certainty to investigate and learn in protected and secure yet testing indoor or open air space. Obligation of care †The children’s wellbeing and government assistance is constantly principal while doing any arranging and we have a legitimate commitment to guarantee they are sheltered consistently. Hazard evaluations ought to be completed for all exercises and ordinary looks at ought to be hefted around the setting day by day. The can region ought to likewise be checked to ensure it is perfect and has tissue and cleanser accessible for the youngsters to wash their hands . Bolster Children And Young People’s Health And Safety 1. 1 The Factors To Take Into Account When Planning Healthy And Safe Indoor And Outdoor Environments And Services Outcomes for kids and youngsters †It is significant that the exercises we give have clear points and goals and that while the kids and youngsters appreciate the action they likewise have a sense of security and secure and that no superfluous dangers have been taken. *Lines of duty and responsibility †Everyone working in a setting ought to know about the wellbeing and security strategies and that they have an obligation regarding the wellbeing of the youngsters and staff. Hazard appraisal must be done and the dangers surveyed and acquaint measures with deal with the dangers. Any gear must be expelled if it’s broken or has sharp edges. All staff must take sensible consideration for the wellbeing and security of themselves as well as other people when undertaking their work, they should check all regions are sheltered, check hardware and guarantee safe working techniques are followed. *Comfort of the youngsters †Make sure you have enough space for the kids to do exercises securely. The temperature of the setting should be agreeable and adequate lighting and air, there must consistently be crisp drinking water.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art comes to Khan Academy

The Metropolitan Museum of Art comes to Khan Academy Photo: Steven Zucker In little more than a year, we’ve been very fortunate to collaborate with numerous institutions of incredible caliber and expertise, such as The British Museum, Tate, MoMA and The Getty. Their content on Khan Academy has gotten hundreds of thousands of views and we’re constantly hearing from our learners, whether they’re studying for a class or just nerding out on art and its history, how valuable the tutorials are; last year, there were 7 million visits to our art history content alone! Today we’re very excited to welcome The Metropolitan Museum of Art to Khan Academy. As life-long New Yorkers, we visit the Met at every chance we get. You could say without exaggerating that we learned how to look at art in the Met’s glorious galleries (and in fact we both wrote our very first respective museum papers on works in the Greek and Roman collection!). Today, the Met launches over 100 videos on Khan Academy featuring areas such as Extravagant Inventions, Books, Music and Literature and Devotion. In addition, The Met will also feature a game focused on the permanent collection, Beyond Battle: Arms and Armor at the Met. You’ll also notice today that we’re grouping all museums on Khan Academy on their own landing page: now you can find our museum partners (including the Asian Art Museum, the American Museum of  Natural History, Exploratorium, and the California Academy of Sciences) all in one location. We can’t wait to hear what you think. -Posted by Beth Harris and Steven Zucker

The 2008 Financial Crisis - 2117 Words

On September 15, 2008, Wall Street entered the largest financial crisis since the Great Depression. On a day that could have been called Black Monday, the Dow Jones Industrial average plummeted almost 500 points. Historically prominent investment giant Lehman Brothers filled for bankruptcy, while Bank of America bought out former powerhouse Merrill Lynch (Maloney and Lindeman 2008). The crisis enveloped the economy of the United States, as effects are still felt today. Experts still disagree about what exactly caused the greatest financial disaster since the Great Depression, but many point to the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 as a gateway to the rise of extreme laissez-faire policies that allowed Wall Street to take on incredible risk at the expense of taxpayers. In the wake of the crisis, politicians look for policies that reign in the power of Wall Street, but the fundamental relationship between economic and political power has made such regulation ineffective. The Gla ss-Steagall Act of 1933 was a direct response to the Great Depression of the 1930s. The years before the Depression were marked by robust financial growth, led by an expansion of credit through the policies of the Federal Reserve and new financial innovation, such as investment trusts (Neal and White 2012). Though these trusts were similar to a savings bank, they differed in that trusts were not regulated in which securities they could invest in and had had little government supervision. TheShow MoreRelated2008 Financial Crisis: Icelands Then Now Essay examples1558 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of the Crisis On September 15, 2008, the American bank Lehman Brothers, with holdings over 600 billion USD, filed bankruptcy. This was by far the biggest bankruptcy in U.S history and it marked the beginning and the largest financial crisis ever. How can one of the biggest banks in the world fail? How can a bankruptcy in US make someone on the other side of the world unemployed? The answer is Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) and it all started by new innovations in the financial sector combinedRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081384 Words   |  6 PagesThe turmoil in the financial markets also known as the financial crisis of 2008 was considered the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Many areas of the United States suffered. The housing market plummeted and as a result of that, many evictions occurred, as well as foreclosures and unemployment. Leading up to the financial crash, most of the money that was made by investors was based on people speculating on investments li ke real estate, stocks, debt buying, and complex investmentRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081747 Words   |  7 PagesThe economic crisis of 2008 was one for the ages, it changed the world of investing forever. That year, the stock market crashed, bank failures and the infamous wall street bailout that can all be traced back to the subprime mortgage crisis.. 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Gramm-Leach-BlileyRead MoreFinancial Crisis 20085972 Words   |  24 PagesCORPORATE FINANCE THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS 2008 Group’s member:Nguyá »â€¦n NhÆ ° Nam (C)Phan Thu AnNguyá »â€¦n Thà ¹y DungHoà  ng Bà ¡ SÆ ¡nNgà ´ Thá »â€¹ à nh Tuyá º ¿tDate: 28/11/2014 | AbstractIn 2008 the world was fell into the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of 1929-1933. Although this crisis has gone, however, its consequences for the economy of many countries is very serious, even now many nations are still struggling to escape difficulty. Just in a short period, the crisis originating from AmericaRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2008 Essay2044 Words   |  9 PagesThe 2008 financial meltdown resulted in the most treacherous investment landscape observed since the great depression. The most notorious issue was the subprime mortgage crisis, which had a ripple effect felt through every market in the world. 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The country is recovering from the Great Recession, unemployment is down and the global domestic product is up. People have jobs and are paying taxes. President Obama lowered our budget deficit and promised to make healthcare more available to all. On average, America is well on its way to recovery. But what about the people that slipped through the cracks of the financial stimulus pl an? These are the people that lost their jobsRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2008 Essay2553 Words   |  11 PagesWhen you think of the 2008 financial crisis that affected not just the US economy, but the world as a whole, most average middle-class Americans won’t really know what triggered this economic disaster. Most will probably blame, and rightfully so, those large corporations on Wall Street. These corporations, which deal with insanely large amounts of money, will always be wary of their stocks decreasing. But they also know that 99% of the time, everything will go back to normal in the future. What theyRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20082083 Words   |  9 PagesEver since the economic virus called â€Å"negative interest rates† scattered over European and later Japanese banks, our economic system has been the most unstable since the financial crisis of 2008. The virus, negative interest rates, is a concept in which the central bank charges interest in bor rowing money and holding an account. It was brought forth in efforts to increase economic growth by giving commercial banks a tax on the large amount of reserves they hold in the bank. In other words, commercial

Mentoring Programs For A Mentoring Program - 868 Words

In today’s volatile business world, it is vital for organizations to engage employees both intellectually and emotionally. Through mentoring, employees identify themselves as a vital part of the organization while creating a heightened level of ownership. Mentoring programs are of great value to any organization. In most cases, these programs are considered essential. By developing and implementing a mentoring program, the learning process for employees is accelerated. It is said that mentoring can â€Å"can accomplish things that training cannot† (Johnson). Though, developing a mentoring program is not an easy task, the benefits outweigh the challenges. A mentoring program will help alleviate high employee turnover and assist in building a pipeline of diverse employees. The development of a mentoring program begins by deciding on whether it should be a formal or informal program. On one hand, a formal mentoring program includes 1. Connection to a strategic business objective of the organization 2. Established goals 3. Measurable outcomes 4. Expert training and support 4. Direct organizational benefits and 5. Mentoring engagements lasting 9-12 months (â€Å"Business mentoring matters†, 2012). On the other hand, an informal mentoring program includes: 1. Unspecified goals 2. Unknown outcomes 3. Self-selection of mentors and mentees 4. No expert training or support 5. Long-term mentorship and 6. Indirect organizational benefits (â€Å"Business mentoring matters†, 2012). Therefore, basedShow MoreRelatedMentoring : A Integrated Mentoring Program1324 Words   |  6 PagesThe goal of mentoring in military organizations is to help junior personnel reach their full potential by having senior personnel help develop them, and pass on their prac tical expertise and professional knowledge to personnel who are committed to advancement and success (United States, 1995). A thriving mentoring program will enhance our overall professionalism and help meet the future needs of our organization. In my current job, I am charged with implementing a mentoring program where officersRead MoreMentoring For Mentoring Development Program1329 Words   |  6 Pageswe are intending to be established outside of South Carolina as the leader in mentoring solutions for all, we will be planning to extend our services globally. Our overall focus is mentoring! What is mentoring and why is it important? By understanding mentoring and why it’s important we will be able to formulate a mentoring methodology for our mentoring development program. 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Then when they return to the school implementation of a teacher mentoring program so that they can see how collaborative teaching is applied in a classroom setting and they can also ask questions to their mentor if they need advice. This would foster a lines of communication so that teachers can discuss among one another on

Defense Spending and the Military-Industrial Complex Free Essays

On December 7, 1941 Japan launched a surprise attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. This thrust America into World War II, and for the next four years it dominated nearly every aspect of American life [Bowles, 2011, 3. 7 The World at War (1941-1945)]. We will write a custom essay sample on Defense Spending and the Military-Industrial Complex or any similar topic only for you Order Now This greatly impacted Americans and had a significant impact on African Americans during this time. Although the attack on Pearl Harbor was a devastating period of time, it was a great time for African Americans to assert their independence. They fought in the war, defending their country after how they were treated. They demanded being able to have jobs that were considered â€Å"whites only†. In my belief, they deserved these rights. African Americans were treated unfairly for years and did not have rights but yet still strived to fight for their country. There is no reason why they should not have been treated fairly, if not more like heroes for how brave and noble they were. According to Bowles, â€Å"While these men were willing to die for the country, they were not eligible for many of the honors for their service. Though many deserved it, no African American could receive the Medal of Honor, the highest military award for bravery (2011, African Americans at war). This brings me to the long term effects WWII had on our country. Bill Clinton awarded men their gold’s that they deserved 50 years too late. Only one of the men was alive to even receive it. The long term effect is the regret of letting the people who were most brave, die for our country and not receive an award just because of the color of his skin. References: Bowles, M. (2011). A history of the United States since 1865 . (Ashford University ed. ) San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. How to cite Defense Spending and the Military-Industrial Complex, Papers

Speech Advantages of listening to English songs free essay sample

Good morning everyone. Im the chairperson of the English Club. Today, Im going to share a topic to all of you. But first, let me ask you two questions. Are you bored with reading, grammar and writing? Would you like to find a more fun and entertaining method to Improve your English? I believe you all will have the same answer, right? In fact, listening to English songs is a useful and interesting way to learn English. It might be one of the best ways to retain or remember vocabulary and grammar that you hear In the lyrics. Also, your pronunciation may get better. But do you know why?In the past, students learned English mainly from textbooks often this was a boring, frustrating experience that needed patience, inner motivation and perseverance to ensure language learning continued. Recently, more and more learners tend to listen to English songs as a means to Improve their English. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech: Advantages of listening to English songs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They feel learning English In this manner is more enjoyable and relaxing. They can learn English happily with the background music. In addition, Songs expose students to a wide vocabulary related to a theme. Lyrics are not easily forgotten. You listen to them over and over again throughout your life.Once you learn them, they are going to stay with you, and you are going to review them over and over Just because you ENJOY the music, which are pleasant to listen. If you learn one song per week for a year, which would take up very little time, you will never forget those 52 songs full of new vocabulary and phrases. The variety of accents by the various singers also means that you improve your listening skills when you start paying attention to the lyrics. Once you learn a few songs, youll start gathering an immense repertoire of songs and vocal.Just the fact hat you start caring about the lyrics will activate your listening skills and listening to music in English will become an enjoyable learning exercise. Yet, songs give you perfect pronunciation models. As you learn to sing them, you are practicing your pronunciation, you are imitating native speakers, and you are learning how to speak better. The rhythm naturally leads to better pronunciation, better Intonation, and more fluency. Last but not least, listening to English songs would surely bring you a correct collocation. Collocation is the cultural context and placement of words.It is what mounds natural to native speakers. It usually doesnt have much logic to It, and Its almost Impossible to teach. It Is something thats acquired with time and contact with the language in authentic cultural contexts. Songs tell stories, and these stories teach correct collocation which you hear over again and incorporate them into your own It is no wonder that English music is becoming more and more popular nowadays. It helps us learn and improve our English. If there are so many benefits to listening to English songs, why not try start listening now? Thats all of my sharing. Thank you.

Applications of Surface Plasmon Field

Applications of Surface Plasmon Field Introduction Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) represents an optical technique that is widely used in the classification of both thin films and interfaces. The underlying principles that are synonymous with this technique are widely reported in literature. Analyses that benefit from the sensitivity of this technique are those that are regarded to as bio-active in nature.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Applications of Surface Plasmon Field-enhanced Fluorescence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At this juncture, we have a reaction pair such that one partner chemically attaches itself to the biofunctional layer and the other partner carries the surface plasmon mode while maintaining contact with the analyte. As such, as the analyte molecules leave the solution they impart a corresponding change in the refractive index. This can be scrutinized in real-time and in an operation that is label-free. In a nu tshell, a quantifiable sensor signal is generated once the analyte molecules are detected. However, one setback of this technique is that the sensor signal might go unnoticed when the analyte enrichment (density) is extremely low or its molecules are tiny to generate signals. Among the techniques adopted to limit this problem is the application of a â€Å"quasi-three dimensional surface layer of a hydrogel or a polymer brush probed by surface plasmon wave leading to effective increase in binding site density† (Ford Weber, 2013). Even so, many relevant analyte concentrations go undetected. Recently, the launch of surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SPFS) has functioned to completely eliminate this detection limit. The underlying principle adopted in this technique is that a superior electromagnetic field emanating from a surface plasmon is used in the excitation of surface-bound fluorophores (Wolfgang Neumann, 2013). As a result, the emitted fluorescenc e is eventually analyzed to reflect the behavior of the analyte. The figure below is a schematic representation of the SPFS (Stewart Thompsons, 2008). Since its inception, SPFS technique has been used to achieve a number of milestones. It has successfully been used to: trace fluorophore-labeled molecules, analyze primer extension reaction-based studies, study interfacial hybridization analysis, perform imaging of surfaces, study antibody-antigen interaction, and perform colloids studies. However, its importance is not limited to the aforementioned applications. There are still many more areas where this technique has excelled. For the sake of this review, we limit our scope to the above mentioned applications.Advertising Looking for book review on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tracing of fluorophore-labeled molecules (Aflatoxin M1 in milk) Prior to the discovery of SPFS, the existing techniques were unable to probe miniature quantities of analytes in real-time. As a consequence, these techniques were rendered useless in analyses that required stringent measures, for instance, proteomics. Since its inception in the year 1999, SPFS has made possible these analyses giving accurate and reliable results. Apart from the conventional SPR spectroscopy probing of the thickness changes at the interface, SPFS offers â€Å"the fluorescence signal channel that can directly monitor biomolecular binding kinetics in a highly sensitive way† (Duque et al., 2012). Nonetheless, the incident fluorescence that emanate from the flourophores experience considerable quenching by metals in the order of less than 10 nm dye-to-metal distances. This limits the benefits that are achieved from the SPR field effects. Moreover, an imminent signal deviation, an undesirable effect is anticipated. This signal emanates from a combined effect of the fading â€Å"surface plasmon field and the metal-indu ced quenching† (Huang Yu, 2013). Recently, efforts have been put in place to reduce the problem posed by dye-to-metal distance. These strategies that include among others the layer-by-layer strategy are meant to optimize on the dye-to-metal allowance. For the sake of this analysis, a spatially extended matrix is adopted as a binding template vital in overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks. In order to detect aflatoxin M1 in milk, a novel biosensor that is extremely sensitive is employed. The biosensor is basically based on an already advanced SPFS courtesy â€Å"of the excitation of long range surface plasmons (LRSPs)† (Fang Bjorn, 2013). Whatever happens in the SPFS is that the flurophore-labeled elements get attached to the sensor surface. At the same time, this reaction is probed with surface plasmons (SPs) that result in fluorescence that sends signals to the detector. Like it has been mentioned before, the principle adopted utilizes the enhanced field intensity that result from the excitation of surface plasmons to amplify the ensuing fluorescence signal. In order to achieve detection effect, both the LRSP-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy and an inhibitor immunoassay ought to be merged. At this juncture, the derivative aflatoxin M1 gets localized on the surface of the sensor. As such, the antibodies that are typically antagonistic to aflatoxin M1 come in handy as recognition elements. To this end, the aflatoxin M1 can easily be detected thanks to the biosensor.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Applications of Surface Plasmon Field-enhanced Fluorescence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Primer extension reaction-based studies The enzyme DNA polymerase is one key catalyst that has been employed by biotechnologists in the in-vitro manufacture of double-stranded DNA. These enzymes come in handy in both DNA sequencing methodologies and in PCR-based procedures vital in pin pointing the occurrence of mutation. Vitally, methodologies that employ unique enzyme functions to ascertain the â€Å"identity of a base sequence, such as DNA ligation, digestion, restriction and primer extension, are generally more sensitive to base aberrations than those based on DNA hybridization reactions alone† (Giannini et al., 2012). The current procedures are aimed at improving both the operational competence and the sensitivity limits. One of the commonly used approaches analyzes DNA microarrays by exploring the fluorescence intensities. Contemporary procedures explore the surface attachment of the reacting compounds to execute their principles that are typically real-time methods. Among these procedures include quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). These two have successfully been used to study both the RNA and DNA polymerase profiles. Basically, this procedure is more versatile visvis the previous DNA microarrays method since it pr ovides information on the enzyme kinetics. With this information one is better placed to understand the dynamics of the interaction. Even with their competences in analyzing DNA synthesis, they are short of monitoring nucleotide incorporation events. This is owed to the fact they fail to detect miniature corresponding mass changes. SPFS methodology comes in handy in detecting these negligible mass changes. For the sake of this report, we review a study that brings to light how SPFS was used to examine the catalytic action involved in the integration of â€Å"fluorescently labeled nucleotides into surface-attached oligonucleotides† (Dostlek Knoll, 2013). Of note, the catalyst that is involved in this study is DNA polymerase I. In SPFS, a brief electromagnetic field emanating from the surface plasmon mode and transmitting parallel to the gold-water interface enhances the excitation of surface-bound flourophores. The resonance of excitation is dependent on the refractive index of the interfacial layer. This can be enhanced by altering the angle of incident of the excitation light. At resonance, the resulting interfacial field is amplified two octaves higher than the incident light (when the interface ÃŽ » is set at 633 nm) (Tawa Knoll, 2013). The optimal strength that dies off exponentially to the surface is realized at the interface. The amplification of the evanescent field is what gives SPFS its great sensitivity, making it different from TIRF (total internal reflection fluorescence) spectroscopy.Advertising Looking for book review on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More SPFS spectroscopy as applied in the interfacial hybridization analysis Advances made in the development of DNA biosensors that has enabled them exhibit unequalled sensitivity and selectivity is owed to the successes made in Human Genome Project (HGP). Some biosensors including acoustic waves, fiber optics and plasmon surface-based have successfully analyzed oligonucleotide, achieving immediate scrutiny of hybridization kinetics. Nonetheless, these techniques have failed to merit in the detection of PCR-amplified DNA. Ideally, oligonucleotides and PCR products are dissimilar analytes differing chiefly in two aspects (Knoll, 2012). First, the difference comes in the respective lengths of the bases forming them. Basically, oligonucleotides analytes that are utilized in biosensing analysis are normally less than 30 bases in length. This is dwarfed by the length of the PCR products that accommodate several kilo bases (kb). As such, this massive amount of bases coupled with complexity in sequencing has been a major hindrance in PCR product analysis. For example, some of the non-selective portions of the products may jeopardize the hybridization process by physically adhering to the surface-bound probes, exuding high background signals. Moreover, the existence of these non-selective pieces enhances the magnitude of steric hindrance which limits the effectiveness of binding of PCR products. Second, typically, PCR products are double-stranded in nature. This is a major setback that bars the recognition units from accessing the surface-bound probes. As a result, the sensitivity of the analysis is greatly reduced. For these techniques, only the end-point results are reported. As such, these techniques do not offer an in-depth analysis of the hybridization mechanism. This can only be offered by SPFS (Robelek et al., 2013). In this review, we analyze how SPFS can be used to inspect hybridization of PCR products using PNAs (peptide nucleic acids) probes. Here, the initial s tep was to clearly explain the importance of antisense strand as applied in hybridization. In this effect, three PCR products were developed and then distinguished by labeling. These included the sense, antisense and sense-antisense double strands. These were then subjected to heat denaturation process prior to a hybridization process with surface-bound PNA (at 10 mM NaOH). These were then monitored by SPFS in real-time. The results obtained showed that the sense-antisense strands exhibited a slightly higher hybridization signal visvis the sense strand. The lower signal as portrayed by the sense strand was caused by the antisense strands that elicited weak fluorescence. After denaturation process, the initially separated double strands re-associated courtesy of NaOH concentration (Kellis Poulose, 2012). Principally, higher salt concentration inhibits repulsion between denatured strands. As revealed by SPFS technique, only a few antisense strands were seen to have been bound on to t he surface during the entire hybridization process. This gives a glimpse of the importance of SPFS technique as used in monitoring hybridization process. This process deals with decimal components that require the sensitivity that is provided for by the aforementioned technique. SPFS-SPRM as used in surface imaging Simply put, surface plasmons are characterized by charge-density oscillations that occur at the boundary adjoining to media. The resonance that happens at the surface plasmons is achieved when two wave-vectors (p-polarized light and that of the surface plasmons) match. This result in a decrease in photon flux emanating from the media boundary. The fields generated â€Å"from the surface plasmons interact with the immediate media surrounding the interface, only to decay exponentially to the media, with the rate of decay depended on the media used† (Attridge et al., 2013). As it has clearly been explained by Attridge et al. (2013), SPRM (surface plasmon resonance mic roscopy) employs the activation of surface plasmons to concurrently inspect the near-superficial refractive index at several sites of a sample surface. The generated field can also be employed to activate flurophores as exhibited by SPFS or SPRF. The merits of this technique is that it displays high degree of sensitivity in real-time, it amplifies the intensity of the incident field up to 80 times, and the reflected field comes in handy in suppressing unwarranted background light. Previous SPRM/SPRF â€Å"quipped with lasers in their systems display excellent qualities including narrow bandwidth and enhanced power† (Huang Yu, 2013). Nonetheless, the effectiveness of SPRM/SPRF in accomplishing imaging has greatly been hampered owing to speckle artifacts that are brought about by laser illumination. This decreases the ability of the double−system to concurrently track and identify specific regions. For the sake of eliminating the aforementioned problems, the system assem bly incorporate convectional laser pointers and acoustic transducer (anti-despeckle). Notably, dark Mylar is incorporated on the flow−cell to enhance coherence of the emitted excitation light. This further goes on to enhance synchronization of measurement at specific locations on the flow−cell. This system is meant to â€Å"demonstrate a highly cost-effective system capable of simultaneously interrogating a sample under SPRM and SPRF, thus spatially discriminating between regions on the same sample† (Fort Grà ©sillon, 2013). In a synopsis, with the above adjustments done on the double−system, the two can concurrently and successfully achieve imaging of surfaces. The entire experiment demonstrating how this is achieved is available in literature. There are available instruments in the market that can individually achieve some of the above effects. Nonetheless, the SPRM/SPRF system presents the user with an opportunity to experience all the effects in a sing le application that is highly cost-efficient. The use of SPFS spectroscopy in analysis of antibody-antigen interaction The underlying principle adopted by SPFS spectroscopy technique is that a superior electromagnetic field emanating from a surface plasmon is used to enhance the excitation of surface-bound fluorophores. Whatever gives SPFS technique an upper hand in its application in surface immunoreactions analyses is that it has the capacity to concurrently inspect both the interfacial thickness variations and the incandescence signals in real-time. In view of this application, gold surfaces were activated courtesy of an admixture of self-assembled monolayer. This functioned to expose an antigen variably over a wide scale as regards its density. At this point, specific antibody-antigen reactions were registered for the anti-antigen antibody solutions traversing over the surfaces at high velocity thanks to SFPS-based immunoassays. Initial analysis investigated the significance of the â€Å"fluorophores Cy5 and Alexa Fluor 647 in SPFS-based immunoassays† (Cai Jun, 2012). The results revealed that Cy5 portrays an excellent self-quenching behavior, which negatively influence the quantitative measurements. Moreover, angular ‘detuning’ effects witnessed when taking the in−situ measurements as regards binding kinetics was confirmed to be a major hindrance. As such, they hamper with the incandescence signals at the point where huge SPR signals are recorded. In a synopsis, as it has been explained herein, SPFS-based immunoassays were vital in the analysis of the antibody-antigen interactions. SPFS as applied in colloids For this application the literature below describes the effect of merging surface plasmons and field-enhanced spectroscopy in sensor behavior. The resonance activation of PSP components at a metal/buffer boundary in flow−cell amplifies the optical field strength relative to the incident laser light. Fresnel formula co nfirmed that indeed for a gold-water boundary, the magnitude of the resulting field is enhanced 16 folds that of the incident light (Tawa Morigaki, 2013). The resulting field comes in handy in enhancing the sensitivity for inspecting binding effects of an analyte that traverses an aqueous phase at the functionalized gold-water interface to the detection sites (Liebermann Knoll, 2012). This would happen on condition that the previously fluorescent-labeled analyte particles wonder within the locus of an exponentially decaying temporal field that is generated by the PSP mode. This also bars these analyte molecules from approaching a metal, a recipe that is important in enhancing Forster quenching as regards the emitted fluorescence (Liebermann, 2012). In order to investigate the significance of SPFS, a quantitative analysis is done to investigate both the magnitude of fluorescence and the refractive index or layer thickness. The analysis answers the aforementioned questions by invest igating the binding process of fluorescently-doped latex molecules (Sonnefraud, 2012). These molecules possess extra superficial biotin-moieties that enable them to attach to a streptavidin phase at the gold-buffer boundary. The significance of SPFS technique is also echoed by its ability to detect fluorescence intensity emanating from negligible PSP resonance. To this end, this is exhibited by biotinylated chromophore which gives considerably dilute binding (Lakowicz et al., 2013). Conclusion In a conclusion, the achievements made by SPFS in optical techniques are unequalled. Since its inception, SPFS has taken the optical technique to new heights, making analyses that initially seemed difficult a success. By simply exciting the surface-bound fluorophores courtesy of a superior electromagnetic field emanating from surface plasmons, the behavior of the analyte can be determined thanks to the emitted fluorescence. One of the merits that give SPFS an edge over other optical techniques is that it exhibits unprecedented sensitivity in real-time. To this effect, major milestones have been achieved and as such one can use this technique to investigate behaviors of tiny components at the molecular level and beyond. References Attridge, J., Daniels, P., Deacon, J., Robinsons, D. (2012). â€Å"Sensitivity enhancement of optical immunosensors by the use of a surface-plasmon resonance fluoroimmunoassay.† Biosens. Bioelectron, 6 (3), 201–214. Cai, W. Jun, Y. (2012). â€Å"Plasmonics for extreme light concentration and manipulation.† Nat. Mater, 9 (3), 193–204. Dostlek, J., Knoll, W. (2013). â€Å"Biosensors based on surface plasmon-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy.† Biointerphases, 3 (3), 12–22. Duque, L., Menges, B., Borros, S., Fà ¶rch, R. (2012). Biomacromolecules. Sydney, Australia: IDP Education Australia. Fang, Y., Bjorn, P.(2013). Attomolar Sensitivity in Bioassays Based on Surface Plasmon Fluorescence Spectroscopy . J. AM. CHEM. SOC., 9 (126), 29-30. Ford, G., Weber, W. (2013). â€Å"Electromagnetic interactions of molecules with metal surfaces.† Phys. Rep., 113 (4), 195–287. Fort, E., Grà ©sillon, S. (2013). â€Å"Surface enhanced fluorescence.† J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 41(1), 1-13. Giannini, V., Fernndez-Domà ­nguez, A., Sonnefraud, Y., Roschuk, R. (2012). â€Å"Controlling light localization and light-matter interactions with nanoplasmonics.† Small, 6 (22), 2498–2507. Huang, B., Yu, F. (2013). Surface plasmon resonance imaging using a high numerical aperture microscope objective. Anal. Chem., 79 (1), 2979–2983. Kellis, T., Poulose, J. (2012). Surface plasmon resonance/surface plasmon enhanced fluorescence: An optical technique for the detection of multicomponent macromolecular adsorption at the solid/liquid interface. Langmuir, 18 (1), 6319– 6323. Knoll, W. (2012). Interfaces and thin films as seen by bound electromagnetic waves. Annua l Review of Physical Chemistry, 49, 569–638. Lakowicz, J., Chowdhury, M., Szmacinski, H., Fu, Y. (2013) â€Å"Plasmoncontrolled fluorescence: a new paradigm in fluorescence spectroscopy.† Chem. Rev., 133 (10), 1308–1346. Liebermann, T Knoll, W. (2012). â€Å"Surface-plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy,† Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 171 (3), 115–130. Liebermann, T. (2012). Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 171, (1), 115–130. Robelek, R., Niu, L., Schmid, E. L., Knoll, W. (2013). Multiplexed hybridization detection of quantum dot-conjugated DNA sequences using surface plasmon enhanced fluorescence microscopy and spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 76, 6160– 6165. Sonnefraud, Y. (2012). Surface-plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy. Colloids and Surfaces. Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 171, 115– 130. Stewart, M., Thompsons, B. (2013). â€Å"Nanostructured plasmonic sensors ,† Chem. Rev., 108 (2), 494–521. Tawa, K., Knoll, W. (2013). Mismatching base-pair dependence of the kinetics of DNA-DNA hybridization studied by surface plasmon fluorescence spectroscopy. Nucleic Acids Research, 32, 2372–2377. Tawa, K., Morigaki, K. (2013). Substrate-supported phospholipid membranes studied by surface plasmon resonance and surface plasmon fluorescence spectroscopy. Biophys. J., 89 (1), 2750–2758. Wolfgang, K., Neumann, T. (2013). Principles and applications of surface plasmons field-enhanced spectroscopy. New York, NY: New York University Press.

ACT Advice Top 5 Tips on Preparing for the Test

ACT Advice Top 5 Tips on Preparing for the Test SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re looking for a concise, effective list of the bestACT advice, you’ve found it. Sometimes too much information can do more harm than good - in this post, I’ll lay out the five most importantthings you should do in order to do well on the ACT. Let's get to it! Tip #1:Figure Out Your Pain Points If you're gearing up to study for (and take) the ACT, you'll want to focus onimproving your weakest skills. So what are the biggest, most common problem areas that students have when preparing for the exam? 1. Content The ACT isn't a one-subject test - in order to do well, you'll have to prepare for the English, Math, Reading, and Science sections (not to mention the optional Writing section). If you're weak in a particular subject area in school, for example, you may see a weaker performance in the corresponding ACT section. 2. Timing The ACT isdivided into strictly timed sections, meaning you have less time to both complete questions and check your work. You may know everything you need to know, but still have issues with completing sections within the allottedtime limit. 3. Strategy Many standardized tests (the ACT included) list confusing or even misleading questions and/or answer choices. You may lose points (even if you know the relevant material) on tricky questions like this. To do well on the ACT, you'll, of course, need to think aboutall three major problem areas. You'll want to spend time thinking critically, though, about which of these areas are your major "pain points" - areas that are leading to the greatest loss of points. The best way to do this is to workthrough official ACT practicematerial. Once you've gone through a few practice sections (or, ideally, a whole ACT practice test) under realistic timing conditions, you can get a better idea of where you should focus your efforts. Get started by checking out our guide to reflecting on your ACT practice tests. Tip #2:Make a Study Plan Once you figure out what you need to practice most, your next step should be to lay out a time-sensitive and weakness-sensitive study plan. What I mean by this is you should set a study schedule based on 1) the amount of time you have to prepare for the ACT, and 2) your test content and strategy weaknesses. The amount of time you need to study depends on how much you want to improve from your baseline score. Here are some general guidelines for the amount of time you should prep depending on thesegoals: 0-1 Composite Score Improvement: 10 hours 1-2 Composite Score Improvement: 20 hours 2-4 Composite Score Improvement: 40 hours 4-6 Composite Score Improvement: 80 hours 6-9 Composite Score Improvement: 150+ hours Some students canfollow through on a plan with just independent study, whereas other students fare better with help from a tutoror an ACT prep course. If you’d like some more information on coming up with a study plan, check out our posts on how long you should study for the ACT and putting together a sample study schedule. Tip #3: Learn From Your Mistakes The most important part of studying effectively is critically analyzing how, why, and when you mess up. It’s also perhaps the least fun part of prepping for the ACT. Just keep in mind that if you’re not thinking about the problems, concepts, and strategies that you’re weak in, you’re missing out on valuable opportunities to improve your score. Mistakes and errors are only "bad" if you don't use them to improve. The big categories of errors and mistakes include: Careless errors - you should have known the right answer Content issues - you didn't have the information needed to answer the question Comprehension issues - you couldn't figure out what the question was asking Errors due to timing - these usually happen at the end of a section There are some simple, but important steps you should follow if you want to learn from your mistakes on ACT practice tests. Lucky for you, we have an awesome comprehensive guide on these strategies. You can also check out more detailed information on reflecting on ACT practice tests, ACT English, and ACT strategy mistakes. Tip #4: Work Efficiently You have to work efficiently if you want to do well on the ACT - this tip applies both when you’re studying for the test and when you’re actually taking the test. The bottom line is that if you’re not using your time wisely, you’re wasting time. To work efficiently as you study, it’s important that you do a few things: Stick to your study plan (Tip #2). It helps to set reasonable study goals, so you don't get distracted or side-tracked. Use the right study materials - don’t prepare with practice materials that won’t serve you well on the actual test. Focus on your pain points(Tip #1)first! To work effectively as you take the test,know that you'll be most effective if you've practiced developing time management skills through your prep. If you still need help with timing, though, you should read more about: How to stop running out of time on ACT reading How to stop running out of time on ACT math Time management for ACT science General ACT time management Tip #5:Take Care of Yourself Physically Mentally All of the previous ACT advicewon’t serve you well at all on test day if you’re stressed, hungry, or tired. No matter how much you may want to cram for the ACT the entire night before, keep in mind that your health and wellness is super important when it comes to your test performance. The ACT is a marathon, not a sprint, so prepare yourself the night before for a mental workout. This means getting a good night’s rest and a healthy breakfast (your brain needs fuel, you know)! There are even more things you can do to take care of yourself the night before and the morning of the ACT - following those strategies will help you optimize your score. Wrapping Up In short, here are the five most important things you should do to prepare for the ACT: Figure out your pain points Make a study plan Learn from your mistakes Work efficiently Take care of yourself physically mentally There's a lot more detail to get into when it comes to prepping for the test, but if you follow this ACT advice, you'll be on the right track. What's Next? Next comes the work of actually studying for the ACT! As it's best to focus first on your weaknesses, you may want to read up on the three core areas of ACT prep: content, timing, and strategy.Check out our guides to ACT reading, math, science, and writing. Read more about how to beat the clock when you're taking the test. Finally, read up on 12 last-minute strategies that will boost your score. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Contemporary Communications Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contemporary Communications - Assignment Example However, in communicating with others and preparing for your career, all scholars need to know what communication skills they do and do not have and which ones need improvement. Within the education of communicating and interacting with others educators assist their students in understanding personal skills inventory charts to look at where the person may need to look at some of their own concerns that may be hindering them from being a person who communicates well and without seeming defensive or unprofessional, who can take care of business, and gets a job, special request, and tasks done with little effort and eventually within their new career. Having control and knowing what strategies and techniques you are good at and can apply at work will benefit the company and make you a stronger person in your position and help build the worker’s morals and ethics while being able to handle situations that may not always be pleasant will prepare you to control and handle future iss ues and problem-solving with others. First, people must become educated on what communication skills they have, which ones they are good at, which ones they no little or nothing about, learn about them, practice them when working and interacting with others to make conversing and working with other people easier regardless if it as home, in a social setting, and especially in meetings with superiors, working with co-workers, and being able to be an asset to whatever project you want to implement. One of the biggest communication skills that most people understand and become aware of first is when the student is in school, yet have already been taught by their parents and other caregivers, which is simply conveying a message to another person. However, a lot of times it is not the message that one person wants to say to another it is how they say it that makes a conversation go sour and get nowhere fast. If people have issues just getting their point across then that is telling them they do need to reevaluate how they talk to others, as well as look at other communication skills.   Some personalities clash because people are different, yet in the professional world most people learn to respect that others are different, and that is the whole reason that makes that person who they are, so many of these people who work as a team, will do what they can to get along with others because they know that regardless of what they do the other person is not going to come around and they are big enough to overlook it.

Oil & Gas Operations Industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Oil & Gas Operations Industry - Research Paper Example Despite these challenges, analyst have continued to forecast positive trends in this industry, particularly because the demand of gas and oil is on the rise, coupled with more advanced technology, which has improved production processes and fundamentally reduced production cost. My choice of portfolio in this industry is majorly motivated by the need to strike a balanced diversification, with the aim of spreading risks across different companies with different risk profiles, as well as maximizing the returns. In particular, I have diversified the portfolio across different companies that have invested from different geographical background, including the United States, United Kingdom, China, and Russia. Although the 10 companies that my portfolio cuts across, deals with similar products, there are slight differences on the combination of products that they deal with, which boost my diversification profile. This report will also provide a brief summary of each company, and some key re asons why I intend to invest in them. Most of the reasons are motivated by the need to diversify and mitigate the risks from different companies. The report has identified various challenges that this industry is undergoing, which has led to a conclusion that it has a high risk profile, but one worth investing in because of its optimistic long-term prospects. A comprehensive analysis of movement of prices of the shares for four weeks that ended mid May has been undertaken. Evidently, there has been a decline of share prices for all companies, which has led to loss of value of my portfolio, but this has not significantly affected my goals of making capital gain in the long-term, because these are short-term fluctuations, which are not likely to last for long. Essentially, I have undertaken the valuation of my portfolio in terms of US Dollar, and hence had to convert the value of shares that are traded in other currencies such as Chinese Yuan. This has significantly affected the accur acy of valuation of the portfolio as the exchanges rates are mere estimates. Different trends are made clear by use of tables and graphs. At the end, I have carried out a percentage analysis and found that the shares have fundamentally lost value. I have also used the Dow Jones Industrial Average as a benchmark to assess the performance of my portfolio. Investment Analysis A brief overview of Oil & Gas Operations Industry The oil and gas industry is operating under a challenging and a dynamic global marketplace and a progressively more adamant group of participants. The regulatory demand is increasingly putting pressure on the operations, and the demand growth is becoming sluggish, while the existing reserves are more expensive and difficult to generate. As the demand to meet future demand builds up, worldwide alliances are becoming more significant. Over the recent years, oil price fluctuation has become the order of the day. In spite of this, the companies in this industry have a challenging task of ensuring they focus on the medium to long-term conditions if they are to make credible decisions and achieve their growth targets. Investing in people, technology and R&D are critical to ensuring a lasting competitive edge (Dybvig & Stephen, 1985). The industry has to contend with mounting uncertainty that is particularly typical of the current decade. With tighter regulations and new policies to adhere to, long term planning and strategy are very critical, given the uncertain environment. In a bid to balance the mounting demand with sustainable and sufficient energy, oil and gas companies are adopting new technologies to supply

Norma Rae Essays -- Labor Analysis Film Movie Rae Essays

Norma Rae   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This film is based on the real life story of Crystal Lee Sutton and her involvement with Ruben Warshovsky and the organization of the textile workers at the J.P. Stevens Company in Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina (Labor Films). Sally Field plays the lead role of Norma Rae (Crystal Lee Sutton) fighting poor working conditions at O. P. Henley Company in 1978. This company is a southern textile mill, working with a union organizer to overcome pressure from management, implied dangers, and the struggle to organize her fellow employees. Although, the film is very entertaining, there are many examples of labor and management interactions including unfair labor practices by management, unfair labor practices by the union, and the procedural process of unionization process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Norma Rae a loom operator in the weaving room is an outspoken individual and is very out spoken about her poor working conditions such as excessive noise, long hours with short breaks, physical stress from standing for long periods and abnormally high temperatures in the work areas. Added to all this is management ¡Ã‚ ¦s apathy for the working conditions, as seen when her mother looses her hearing temporarily with little or no sentiment from the company doctor, who knows this is a common problem for the workers. With this setting, the film progresses through most of the stages for employee organization. While management tries to get the workers support to keep the union out, and labor struggles to get a foothold to develop worker unity and get the union elected as the official bargaining agent both sides violate federal laws or come precariously close. First the Unfair Labor Practices (ULP) of the union will be examined.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After reviewing the film a rather short list of union ULP ¡Ã‚ ¦s, but they are potentially damaging and could be used by management to contest the outcome of the election if so desired. One committed by labor representative, the other by Norma Rae and are summarized as follows. During an authorized plant inspection by Ruben Warshovsky, part of the unionization campaign, the union representative would stop and address employees  ¡Ã‚ §Hello, I am Ruben Warshovsky from the United Textiles Workers Union of America, ¡Ã‚ ¨ or some other greeting identifying himself as a union representative while traveling through the plant. Management threatened to get an injunc... ...in the film the results were announced immediately and the union had won. After the votes are counted either labor or management could file to have the results overturned based on violations of the other party or challenges the vote count due to ineligible voters. Barrick  ¡V 7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion there were violations of the Unfair Labor Practice laws committed by both parties during the organization process, which were identified in the film. I have identified two committed by labor representatives, not particularly grievous, but significant enough that ULP ¡Ã‚ ¦ violations could be filed. Based on the violations committed by labor, I do not think there would be any ruling by the NLRB that would affect the election results. If the election had gone the other way I could not say the same for the violations that were committed by management. The film depicted many aspects of the union organization process including the interactions of all parties involved. The organization process is more detailed than what was shown, but the general ideas of most of the major steps were accurate. Those steps that were not shown were invisible to the film but not the formal organizational process.

Building Brand Community Essay

1.HOG has been phenomenally successful at attracting members and chapters. From nothing in 1983 it has grown to half a million members in 1,160 chapters. This is the core of Harley-Davidson’s market and it is easily reachable through Hog Tales magazine. This is particularly important for Harley given that its customers are so varied making it hard to reach them through traditional marketing methods. HOG overcomes the wide differences in its membership by focusing on their common passion, motorcycle riding. While members get to meet fellow enthusiasts, Harley gets to keep their attention on Harley. As it cannot compete with Japanese imports on price, and perhaps quality, Harley has to focus on its brand. HOG builds brand community and dispels the old image of Harley owners as Hell’s Angels gangs. In fact, Harley has been so successful in building its brand that BusinessWeek ranks it as the 44th most valuable in the world. Retaining Harley owners is clearly lucrative; Harley estimates that active HOG members spend an extra $850 a year with the company. This translated into over $140 million, money that can easily be spent elsewhere by less loyal customers. 2.Given that HOG serves to retain and reach customers by building a brand community, the Posse Rides serve to create a brand within the brand. Lisa Laundry describes Harley as â€Å"a mystique, a lifestyle as opposed to a brand.†Ã‚  This kind of awe is mixed with a cultist sense of community, a dollop of patriotism and Americana, and commitment to riding to create your average Harley rally pilgrim. The Posse Rides focus on the latter part of that physiological make-up, on the hard-core riders. It allows these people to differentiate themselves from the larger group of Harley owners. The first Posse Ride was a big success, giving participants bragging rights that they promptly exercised on return to their HOG chapters. This word of mouth raised expectations for the sequel which, like many sequels, it failed to live up to. Participants expected their T-shirts stop after stop, and they expected to mingle with management to share their views. The results of the pre and post-ride surveys (see Exhibit 1) show high satisfaction with their bikes and the ride itself, but much lower satisfaction with HOG and Harley as a company, particularly afterwards. This is dangerous as it undermines brands loyalty. Barbara Hammet is right when she says â€Å"Harley certainly has enough money that if they have to eat a shirt or two, it shouldn’t matter.† Given the importance of T-shirts as souvenirs, or markers, to participants there is no excuse for not having enough on hand. If management had been paying attention on the 1st Posse they should know this. One has to ask why the mangers ride together at all? They can meet at the office, or have their own intra-office Posse. They should be seen to be part of the larger group. 400 people over ten days is not many people to ‘meet and greet’ for say, four managers. Mike Keefe defends management by saying â€Å"What they don’t see is the research that occurs unobtrusively†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The end of his sentence is unimportant because if they do not see it, or more importantly feel it, it is worthless. The old axiom, ‘If it’s worth doing, it’s worth doing right’, applies here. Harley should spend more time and resources doing so. 3.That the Posse Rides are worth doing should not be doubted. They are part of the brand image; a two-mile long rolling billboard for Harley. Seeing old and young, male and female Posse Riders traveling together projects an open, inclusive image for Harley. The Posses are advertising for Harley and its dealers and Harley should exploit this more. It should encourage, even subsidize, dealers to build on the Posse Rides in ways such as the dealer in  Duluth did on the 1st Posse. Coordination with local TV and radio should be used to raise awareness and crowds. The dealer network should also be used by the Posse Rides to solve logistical problems such as the T-shirts fiasco. Given that Posse Rides have different routes, most dealers will be able to participate over time. 4. While the visual promotional effect of the Posse Rides should be exploited as much as possible, commercializing them should be avoided. Participants are Harley’s best customers and it should take the opportunity to reward them, not exploit them. These people are not stupid and will soon notice if Harley tries to squeeze out every last cent from them. The indirect benefits, such as building brand awareness and loyalty, are much more important than short-term sales. If participants want to shop at every dealer, great, but their direct costs should be kept as low as possible. Given their wide differences in income, raising prices will simply drive off working class participants that blow their annual wad on one rally. This would change the nature of the Posse from an open, inclusive group to a rich, closed one. Over time, as Posse Rides become a feature of Harley’s brand, it would depreciate the brand. Posse Rides will also have to maintain their exclusivity if they are to be continually successful. If everyone can get a Posse T-shirt because of merchandizing they will not be worth having to real Posse Riders. Keeping the number of participants small also adds to the feeling of exclusivity, as does not running the Posse Rides more than biannually. This should also help to maintain a feeling of spontaneity that is missing from regularly scheduled, annual events. Exhibit 1 1.I will definitely sign up for another long distance HOG rally 2. If I were to replace my motorcycle I would buy another Harley 3. I would recommend this ride to a friend 4. I feel a sense of kinship with other Harley owners 5. I have made lifelong friends because of my Harley 6. My Harley says a lot about the kind of person I am 7. I really understand what Harley is all about 8. No one but Harley-Davidson could put on an event like this 9. Harley-Davidson really understands what riding a bike is all about 10. I am satisfied with HOG 11. Harley-Davidson really cares about me as a customer 12. Harley really understands my needs 13. My Harley is an integral part of my daily life

Anne of Green Gables Personality and Destiny - 9447 Words

Anne of Green Gables: Personality and Destiny Abstract Anne of Green Gables is the first long novel of famous Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery, published in 1908. Its publication lightened the spirit of Canadians of that age, giving a place to Canadian native literature in the literary world. Current studies on Anne’s personality is mainly about Anne’s lunacy, mercuriality, narcissist, rebellion,precocity, imagination,love for nature and life. These personalities are considered fixed and invariable .But there is few studies comprehensively exploring the development of Anne’s personality and destiny as well as their interactions. So this topic is new to us and worthy of thorough study. The thesis will be divided into three†¦show more content†¦From 1895 to 1896, Montgomery studied literature at Dalhousie University, Halifax. Then she returned to Cavendish, Prince Edward Island to take care of her widowed grandmother in 1898. Beginning in 1897, she beg an to have her short stories published in various magazines and newspapers. Montgomery had over 100 stories published from 1897 to 1907 inclusive. In 1908,she had her first novel Anne of Green Gables published and got a immediate success. After her grandmother died in 1911 , she get married with Reverend Ewan MacDonald, a Presbyterian Minister . Lucy Maud Montgomery was a very prolific writer and she published over 500 short stories, many poems, and twenty novels, as well as journals, essays, autobiography and letters. Today, Montgomerys novels, journals, letters, short stories, and poems are still read and studied by general readers and scholars from around the world. Among her most famous writing is the Anne series, consisting of eight books: Anne of Green Gables (1908), Anne of Avonlea (1909), Anne of the Island (1915), Anne’s House of Dreams (1917), Rainbow Valley (1919), Rilla of Ingleside (1920), Anne of Windy Poplars (1936) and Anne of Ingleside (1939).Other series wri tten by Montgomery include the Emily and Pat books, which, while successful, did not reach the same level of public acceptance as the Anne volumes. She also wrote a numberShow MoreRelatedLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesmore loosely used to describe coming-of-age films and related works in other genres. Examples[edit] Precursors[edit] Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, by Ibn Tufail (12th century)[18] Parzival, by Wolfram von Eschenbach (early 13th century) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (late 14th century) Lazarillo de Tormes (1554)[19] 17th century[edit] Simplicius Simplicissimus, by Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen (1668) The Adventures of Telemachus, by Franà §ois Fà ©nelon (1699) 18th century[edit] The History of